The adrenal medulla is an area specialized in production and secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine collectively known as catecholamines. The adrenal medulla is the innermost part of the adrenal gland situated underneath the adrenal cortex and resembles literally a large ganglion since it is composed of medullary chromaffin cells which are considered to have neuroendocrine properties since they derive from neuronal embryonic origin during the adrenal gland development. This includes the activity of the accessory male sex organs and development of male secondary sex characteristics.

The androgens stimulate and control the development and maintenance of male characteristics (and of female characteristics to lesser extend). However, when secreted they are transported to the gonads either testes or ovaries where they are converted to the more potent testosterone and to the most potent sex steroid hormone called dihydrotestosterone. The zona reticularis secretes androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrostenedione which are not effective androgens as testosterone. Zona Reticularis: is the innermost layer of the cortex specialized in the production and secretion of sex steroid hormones and predominantly androgens and androgen precursors.Zona Fasciculata: is the intermediate layer of the cortex specialized in the production and secretion of glucocorticoids and predominantly cortisol and corticosterone hormones involved in metabolism control along with inflammatory regulation being of vital importance for life maintenance.Aldosterone is generally responsible for the renal absorption of Na + and exceretion of K + from the distal part of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct and intestinal absorption of Na + in lesser extend. Zona Glomerulosa: is the outermost layer of the cortex specialized in the production and secretion of minerocorticoids and predominantly aldosterone a hormone involved in extracellular fluid volume and osmolality control.The cortical zonae are the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis producing and secreting minerocorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids respectively. The adrenal cortex composes the outer layer of the adrenal gland and consists of three sublayers called zonae each of which produces structurally similar and functionally different compounds and hormones. The adrenal gland divides into the adrenal outer cortex and the adrenal inner medulla with the latter being of neuronal embryonic origin. They have many activities due to their dual embryonic origin during development.

The adrenal glands or suprarenal glands are small paired organs situated superiorly to the kidneys resembling caps surrounded by dense adipose tissue.

Adrenocortical